Suppose we acquiesce in the conflation of Excluded Middle and Bivalence. The conflation is not unreasonable. Now try this trio on for size:
Excluded Middle: Every proposition is either true, or if not true, then false.
Presentism: Only what exists at present, exists.
Truth-Maker: Every contingent truth has a truth-maker.
The limbs of the triad are individually plausible but collectively inconsistent. Why inconsistent?
I will die. This future-tensed sentence is true now. It is true that I will die. Is there something existing at present that could serve as truth-maker? Arguably yes, my being mortal. I am now mortal, and my present mortality suffices for the truth of 'I will die.' Something similar holds for my coat. It is true now that it will cease to exist. While it is inevitable that I will die and that my coat will cease to exist, it is not inevitable that my coat will be burnt up (wholly consumed by fire). For there are other ways for it to cease to exist, by being cut to pieces, for example, or by just wearing out.
By 'future contingent,' I mean a presently true future-tensed contingent proposition. The following seems to be a clear example: BV's coat will sometime in the future cease to exist by being wholly consumed in a fire. To save keystrokes: My coat will be burnt up.
By Excluded Middle, either my coat will be burnt up or my coat will not be burnt up. One of these propositions must be true, and whichever one it is, it is true now. Suppose it is true now that my coat will be burnt up. There is nothing existing at present that could serve as truth-maker for this contingent truth. And given Presentism, there is nothing existing at all that could serve as truth-maker. For on Presentism, only what exists now, exists full stop. The first two limbs, taken in conjunction, entail the negation of the third, Truth-Maker. The triad is therefore inconsistent.
So one of the limbs must be rejected. Which one?
An Objection
You say that nothing that now exists could serve as the truth-maker of the presently true future-tensed contingent proposition BV's coat will be burnt up. I disagree. If determinism is true, then the present state of the world together with the laws of nature necessitates every later state. Assuming the truth of the proposition in question, there is a later state of the world in which your shabby coat is burnt up. The truth-maker of the future contingent proposition would then be the present state of the world plus the laws of nature. So if determinism is true, your triad is consistent, contrary to what you maintain, and we will not be forced to give up one of the very plausible constituent propositions.
Question: Is there a plausible reply to this objection? No. I'll explain why later.
How about:
Truth-Maker: Every contingent truth had, or has, or will have a truth-maker.
?
Posted by: The Bad Ostrich | Thursday, February 07, 2019 at 02:35 PM
Can the truthmaker be the principle of contradiction, though not as specifying one side of the contradiction as necessarily true or false, but only saying that it is a necessary truth that "either my coat will be burned up or not burned up"?
IOW, I'm wondering if we can just tinker with Aristotle's "sea-battle" argument here and apply it to truthmakers.
Posted by: James Chastek | Saturday, February 09, 2019 at 07:17 AM
James,
For starters, LNC is a proposition. A proposition cannot be a truth-maker.
Neither of you gentlemen understand the problem.
Posted by: BV | Saturday, February 09, 2019 at 10:52 AM